Friday, November 29, 2019
An Examination of Disciplinary Actions Taken for Black and White Male Students
An Examination of Disciplinary Actions Taken for Black and White Male Students AbstractRacial Discrimination, also known as racism, is the practice of limiting people's rights and privileges based on their phenotypic appearance as members of particular groups called races. The problem   ¾f disruptive student conduct in school has been, and continues to be, among the most pressing problems facing educators in public schools today (Duke Jones, 1984; Gottfredson, Gottfredson, Hybl, 1993; Kadel Follman, 1993). In this study, quantitative survey method will be used t  ¾ investigate whether high school Black male students receive different disciplinary punishments than do high school White male students f  ¾r th  µ same infractions. The information regarding low-income status and the perception of students about disciplinary punishments will provide additional insight into th  µ factors that shape students' behavior   °nd attitudes toward school   °nd may subsequently impact disciplinary outcomes.DedicationT‘tl  µ   ¾f study: AN EXAMINATION OF DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS TAKEN FOR BLACK AND WHITE MALE STUDENTS. Th‘s study ‘s 11250 w  ¾rds ‘n l  µngth (‘€lus ____ ‘€Â  °g  µs   ¾f   µss  µnt‘  °l t  °bl  µs   °nd f‘gur  µs),   µx‘ lud‘ng t‘tl  µ ‘€Â  °g  µ, t  °bl  µ   ¾f ‘   ¾nt  µnts, summ  °ry,   °Ã‚‘ kn  ¾wl  µdg  µm  µnts, ‘€r  µf  °Ã‚‘   µ,   °Ã‚‘€‘€Â  µnd‘‘   µs   °nd l‘st   ¾f s  ¾ur‘   µs but ‘n‘ lud‘ng n  ¾t  µs,   °nd ‘s thus   µqu‘v  °l  µnt t  ¾ 50 st  °nd  °rd ‘€Â  °g  µs ‘n l  µngth (225 w  ¾rds = 1 st  °nd  °rd ‘€Â  °g  µ).Figure 2In wr‘t‘ng th‘s study, I h  °v  µ ‘ ‘t  µd   °ll ‘€ubl‘sh  µd s  ¾ur‘   µs us  µd, ‘n‘ lud‘ng Int  µrn  µt s  ¾ur‘   µs,   °s f  ¾ll  ¾ws:C D‘r  µÃ‚‘ t qu  ¾t  °t‘  ¾ns   °r  µ m  °rk  µd   °s qu  ¾t  °t‘  ¾ns,   °nd th  µ s  ¾ur‘   µ   ¾f   µÃ‚  °Ã‚‘ h qu  ¾t  °t‘  ¾n ‘s ‘nd‘‘   °t  µd.C Th  µ s  ¾ur‘   µs   °r  µ   °ls  ¾ ‘ l  µÃ‚  °rly ‘nd‘‘   °t  µd f  ¾r m  °t  µr‘  °l summ  °r‘z  µd   ¾r ‘€Â  °r  °Ã‚‘€hr  °s  µd fr  ¾m th  µ w  ¾rk   ¾f   ¾th  µr wr‘t  µrs.C S  ¾ur‘   µs   °r  µ ‘ndÂ⠀˜Ã‚‘   °t  µd   °t th  µ ‘€Â  ¾Ã‚‘nt ‘n th  µ t  µxt wh  µr  µ th  µ m  °t  µr‘  °l ‘s us  µd,   µÃ‚‘th  µr thr  ¾ugh   ° r  µf  µr  µn‘   µ ‘n th  µ t  µxt   ¾r thr  ¾ugh   ° f  ¾Ã‚  ¾tn  ¾t  µ,   °s w  µll   °s b  µÃ‚‘ng l‘st  µd ‘n th  µ b‘bl‘  ¾gr  °Ã‚‘€hy.I m  °y h  °v  µ d‘s‘ uss  µd th  µ study w‘th   ¾th  µrs   °nd us  µd   °dv‘‘   µ   °nd sugg  µst‘  ¾ns fr  ¾m   ¾th  µrs ‘n wr‘t‘ng ‘t, but th  µ study...
Monday, November 25, 2019
Gay couples should not be able to get married and adopt a child.
Gay couples should not be able to get married and adopt a child. Elementary school and junior high school are the times in a child's life where he or she would get made fun of most. There is a lot of teasing, as well as, unnecessary words that are said to one another. During this period, a child must learn how to deal with words and how to stand up for himself or herself. However, if that child has a weakness, it would be a much harder time. Gay couples should not be able to get married and adopt a child.Throughout many time periods in a child's life, that child experiences many words of ridicule. Elementary and junior high school are the times when these children start and become harsher. If a child comes from a gay couple, that child would get made fun of much more than a child from a straight or "normal" couple. It would be a greater task or even challenge for that child.Children at N.Y. Zoo (LOC)Children are very emotionally weak and anything said to them that is painful will be remembered in the future. This causes the child to grow up remem bering a certain event that they can't let go. This also causes the child not to aspire to anything. This is resulting a subconscious feeling that they will be cursed at if they try to become something. Their self-confidence will decrease due to the negative words said at him or her which will trigger that child to grow up hating his or herself and maybe even all others that are surrounding him or her. On a more realistic note, children today can hardly take the pressures of life as is; if you add a weakness as your parents being gay, this creates a larger weakness and more room for being cursed and made fun of. If you add...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
International Management - Essay Example Interaction of these companies with local companies can act as the basis through which ideas, knowledge and skills are shared. These companies are quick to share their developmental aspects, and in so doing local companies can access a gateway through which they can better their technologies given their level of output production. Knowledge transfer can contribute to the performance of local companies. Many local companies are hardly exposed to the operations and modes of business of industrious multinational companies. Transfer of knowledge from highly effective international companies is likely to impact positively on the operations of local companies3. Improved knowledge base would boost resource allocation decisions and further impact on cost minimization with maximization of revenues being the sole objective4. Achievement of the three factors guarantees a highly effective and efficient business performance. Taking products to foreign markets is another internalization factor. This constitutes cross-border trade. In other words, international trade will proliferate. Meeting international quality standards of goods and services is the fundamental underlying factor in this aspect. International prices of goods and services are always better than the domestic prices5. The profit motive for producing and manufacturing companies drives them towards adopting the right production techniques in order to maintain a constant supply of goods and services in the international markets, while at the same time satisfying the domestic
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Korean Cultural Consideration of Death and Dying Essay
Korean Cultural Consideration of Death and Dying - Essay Example Most cultures hold the belief that the dying process is never rosy. This being the case, people should be aware that individuals do not need to undergo a lot of pain and suffering only due to cultural beliefs. The paper will explore Korean cultural approaches to death and dying. In particular, the paper will explain unique concepts with regard to the culture in relation to death and dying. It will also look at how the Korean Culture presents death and dying rituals, and the similarities and differences between that culture and American culture. Korean Approaches to death and dying The Asian Health Support Service (2004) notes that customs pertaining to death and dying are much dependent on a person’s age, religion, marital status, manner of death, status in the society and area of residence. These factors greatly affect the manner in which the Koreans perceive death and dying. They perform certain cultural rituals as a way of giving the bereaved an opportunity to abide by the set obligations of the deceased person (Asian Health Support Service). The Koreans have very strong family ties especially when one of the family members is sick. In this case, when one is admitted to the hospital, he receives many visitors who provide them with encouragement and consolation. At the time of being in the hospital, the patient is expected to have somebody by his or her side until the patient is ready to be discharged. In case the condition of the patient gets worse, the community prefers that the patient is discharged before his death so that he/she can be taken back home alive. It is also worth noting that the culture does not prefer a patient being admitted in a nursing home for care (Schwartz, 1997). This is because traditionally, the culture reveres dying at home so as to avoid the dead transforming into a kaekkwi (evil spirit). In this respect, members of the family make every attempt to ensure that any sick person is taken back home before he/she dies irrespecti ve of whether or not the patient is receiving treatment in hospital. The Korean people believe that it is a misfortune to bring a dying patient’s body home. However, doing so before his/her death is a sign of respect, as noted by the Asian Health Support Services (2004). For a long time, this belief was so engraved in the people’s culture to an extent that disobeying it was disrespectful to the deceased and the bereaved family. It is, however, worth noting that within the contemporary setting, the custom is dying off. The Asian Health Support Services (2004) notes that the Koreans’ way of thinking and cultural beliefs are changing drastically, and many hospitals in Korea have rooms established to shelter bereaved families. Some rooms are also specially established for holding funerals for the grieving families. This is one way by which the Korean government and hospitals are ensuring that cultural beliefs of the people do not lead to preventable deaths. The pati ents in this respect continue receiving specialized treatment up to the time of death. Koreans Present Death and Dying Rituals Koreans present their death rituals in a unique way in line with their culture and customs. Crying and wailing is also a part of the death rituals among the Korean people (Kim & Loyola University Chicago, 2008). When one dies, family members flock the home of the deceased crying to
Monday, November 18, 2019
LITERATURE REVIEW ON A BUSINESS INNOVATION Essay
LITERATURE REVIEW ON A BUSINESS INNOVATION - Essay Example The 3D printing innovation underwent a long evolution that depicts great development in terms of affordability, usability, and efficiency in its numerous applications. The MIT and ZS Corporation made significant contributions to the introduction and development of the 3D printing innovation. 3D printing is a versatile yet short process that has great significance in digital economies that can change the world. It relates to the Rogers’s Diffusion of Innovation Theory. However, despite its significance and numerous applications, people are still considering various aspects before adopting 3D printing in their manufacturing companies. Nevertheless, 3D printing remains to be a fundamental aspect in the business world. Introduction 3D printing is one of the most celebrated business innovations that continue to influence the manufacturing and production industry. Also known as additive manufacturing, 3D printing is business and technological innovation that encompasses the process of making a three-dimensional solid product of any shape using a digital model (3Ders.org 2013, p. 1). Indeed, 3D printing is a huge versatile and rapid process that accommodates geometry of varying complexity in variant applications, and supporting many types of materials (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). The 3D printers operate at resounding speeds, extremely low costs, and within a wide range of applications (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). ... Additionally, products manufactured through 3D printing are applicable anywhere in the product life cycle. To achieve 3D printing, innovators used an additive process, where successive layers of material adopt different shapes. The 3D printing innovation, which uses additive processes, is completely different from the traditional machining processes, which used subtractive processes to remove materials in the manufacturing process. Indeed, 3D printing uses digital technology where it uses standard inkjet printing technology to create parts layer-by-layer by depositing a liquid binder onto thin layers of powder (Z Corporation 2005, p. 3). Then it moves the print heads over a bed of powder where it prints the cross-sectional data sent from .stl, .wrl, .ply, and .sfx files through a feed piston and platform (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). Notably, the cross sectional layers join automatically to produce the final shape. The 3D printing offers improved visualization, greater automation, and more cost-effective reuse of 3D data (Z Corporation 2005, p. 2). Subject to its numerous applications, ability to produce objects of any shape or geometric feature, its effectiveness, and its low costs of production, 3D printing stands out as a successful business innovation using digital solutions. Indeed, through the 3D printing innovation, we can manufacture products locally (D'Aveni 2013, p. 1) and close to their point of purchase or consumption through a cheaper and faster process. Subject to its significance and effectiveness, the demand for 3D printers is on an increasing trend in the modern times. In this report, I will include the conceptual framework of this case using relevant theories. I will then present my findings and analyze the case. Conceptual
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Guidance for the Prevention of Falls in the Elderly
Guidance for the Prevention of Falls in the Elderly According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one out of three older adults have fallen each year and twenty five percent of these incidents result in severe injuries such as head traumas, hip fractures or lacerations. The quality of life of older adults who fall decreases due to the injuries or fear of future falls which might limit their activities, reduce mobility and body fitness and in turn increase the risk of falling. The direct medical cost of falls was estimated to be around $30 billion. Indirect cost of falls is long-term effects: such as disability, lost of independency, lost time from house duties, and reduced quality of life. (CDC, 2012). Guideline Description Clinical practice guideline, prevention of falls in older persons is published on the American Geriatrics Society’s Web site (http://geriatricscareonline.org/FullText/CL014/CL014_BOOK003). The guideline was developed by American Geriatric Society (AGS) together with British Geriatric Society (BGS). Panel members came from different professional organizations. Most of them were medical doctors who work or teach in very prestigious hospitals and universities. Some other members included: the public health worker, the pharmacist, the physical and occupational therapist and Registered Nurse with PHD who works at New York University. There was no psychotherapist, psychologist, social worker or recreation worker on the panel. Old 2001 guideline was intended to support health professionals in assessment of fall risk and also help management of older adults who had a history of fall or were at risk of falling. (Journal of American Geriatric Society, 2001) This was update to the previous version of 2001 guideline which was developed by American Geriatrics Society, Geriatrics Society, American Academy Of and Orthope dic Surgeons. 2010 guideline was endorsed by The American College of Emergency Physicians, the American Medical Association, the American Occupational Therapy Association, and the American Physical Therapy Association. Most panel members had no financial interest or commercial interest for the work they provided. Only one doctor received grants from the American College of Emergency Physicians and one member National Association for Home Care and Hospice held shares in various pharmaceutical companies. A preliminary draft of 2010 guideline was peer reviewed by many professional organizations. The Rating System To analyze all studies and grade the evidence, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) rating system with 40 years of experience was used. This organization has volunteer members of national experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine. Quality of evidence rating system used a grade of A, B, C or D for each recommendation and I for insufficient evidence. A grade meant strong recommendation that physicians provide intervention to eligible patients, B grade meant a recommendation that clinicians provide this intervention to these patients, C grade meant no recommendation for this intervention and D grade meant when recommendation is made against the routinely providing the intervention to asymptomatic patients. Different clinical algorithm annotations were used. The guidelines made for different settings or situations: community residing elderly, screening for falls or risk of falling, screening positive for falls or risk for falling, screening falls last 12 months, evaluating gait and balance and determining multi factorial risks for falling. This new guideline doesn’t consider fall risk assessment to be done for elderly who reported just one fall without reported or demonstrated unsteadiness. The Quality of Evidence Selection of evidence was well organized three step process. In the first step, researchers collected studies from high level: meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies between May 2001 and April 2008. The databases were Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination/Health Technology Assessment. They also added some studies conducted before 2001 since, in some areas, there were no recent studies available. In a second step, members performed review of abstract of these studies and also the exclusion and inclusion process. Ninet-one studies met inclusion criteria. Only high level of studies published in English and population in those studies age 65 and older were included. In a final step they obtained full texts of these ninety-one studies and made an evidence tables. Since some interventions were different in those studies, res earchers mostly focused on the individual studies, however, they still submitted five most recent meta-analysis and evidence based guidelines. Since guideline was intended for fall preventions in community, some topics such as hospital based fall preventions, bone health and protection, syncope and restraints were excluded. Those included specific recommendations for elderly residing in long term care settings such as nursing homes and elderly with cognitive impairment. These extra recommendations make this guideline used on broader settings. Practice Applications To address identified risks and to prevent falls â€Å"Multifactorial†and â€Å"Multicomponent†interventions were used. Multifactorial is most used in long term settings where set of interventions are offered to all participants when Multicomponent is used in community settings where customized set of interventions that target risk factors are offered. Most components of both kind of intervention are: different kind of exercises and physical activity, medication adjustment, especially psychoactive medications, medical assessment and management, environment adjustment and education. Considerable evidence, two meta-analyses proved that this kind of approach prevents falls in elderly. Multiple studies with high number of participants groups found Gait/Balance, Strength and Flexibility type of exercises very effective. And multiple studies in high risk of fall 140 participants showed that functional type of exercises are even harmful. The management of visual and medical problems and postural hypotension remained particularly effective. A Systematic review found no compelling evidence that verified effectiveness of vision correction in falls reduction in community or long-term setting residents except for first eye cataract surgery. This conclusion is made primarily with the lack of well-designed randomized studies. The strongest risk-relations arise with psychotropic medications and polypharmacy. Even dose reductions of these medications when discontinuation is not possible due to medical conditions found to reduce falls, while multifactiorial interventions: assessment, adjustment and discontinuation found to be very affective. Medication review provided inconclusive evidence whether it is effective in reducing falls in Long Term Care (LTC) setting Three RCTs showed benefits with treating of postural hypotension in addition to medication reduction, optimization of fluids and behavioral interventions in community and LTC settings and tree RCTs were ineffective in LTC settings. About 30 percent of patients 65 and older do experience syncope and they will not be aware of fainting. Instead they will report the falling. (Kenny, Bhangu King-Kallimanis, 2013). Two RCTs showed significant reductions when this intervention was incorporated with environment assessment and modification in LTC setting. Several meta-analysis and RCTs showed benefit of vitamin D supplementation in fall prevention. AGS recommends to the healthcare providers to use Vitamin D 4000 IU per day for their patients.. Even in old people with normal serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplementation showed benefits. Vitamin D is safe and inexpensive, improves uptake of calcium to reduce osteoporosis and loss of muscle mass which both can contribute to falls. (Tangalos, 2013) Although AGS/BGS guideline discusses overall importance of managing foot and footwear problems it does not significantly make any recommendations for LTC residents. However best practices should be a foot screening to be completed on an admission day to an LTC facility and quarterly evaluation at least to make sure that any skin integrity issues are identified and addressed in a timely manner. To review resident’s footwear for any poor fitting, unsafe shoes should be accompanied to these screenings (Willi Osterberg, 2014). Guideline discussed modifications of environment home and LTC settings. While two studies found a use of home environment modification intervention alone in community elderly effective, one study didn’t support it. Fifteen studies found that this type of intervention as a part of multifactorial fall prevention programs will make a big difference by reducing risk of falls. Patients and caregiver education was discussed as primary and secondary prevention measures. Examples of educating patients were: how to use assistive devices correctly, how to participate in local exercise program, or how improving health and building fall preventions skills was found effective in community settings. Education in long term care staff in some large number of studies got mixed results while some studies showed effectiveness of healthcare staff training about fall prevention strategies, some found insignificant reduction in falls. While cognitive impairment can be independent risk factor for falls, guideline did not find sufficient evidence to recommend, for or against, single or multifactorial interventions in home setting elderly with cognitive impairment. One systematic review found physical activities effectiveness in reducing falls in cognitively impaired patients. A study of patient education in addition of staff education, environmental modification, drug review, exercise and other multicomponent intervention programs was associated significant effect on falls in groups with higher Mini-Mental State Examination scores, not with lower scores. Implementation Feasibility Although considerable guidelines exist on fall prevention, there is no solid evidence that demonstrates the cost benefit on investment of all prevention and injury protection programs in LTC settings. While there are a lot of recommendations and interventions outlined in the guideline, there is still no clear guidance for specifying the right combinations of interventions to protect specific risk-population, residents with dementia or osteoporosis. (Quigley, Bulat, . Kurtzman, Olney, Powell-Cope Rubenstein, 2010). Historically, calcium and vitamin D administration improved bone health but in 2013 some controversy regarding these supplements arose when the USPSTF issued statement that evidence was insufficient whether more than 400 International Units of vitamin D3 and more than 1000 mg of calcium can be primary preventions of fractures. Although USPSTF guideline was for younger men and women and nonistitutionalized postmenopausal women and not for institutionalized elderly questions were still raised about use of this vitamin. Vitamin D supplement not routinely prescribed in LTC settings. While it is a routine in LTC facilities to include orthostatic hypotension assessments to evaluate residents risks and reevaluate after each fall, usually they are often administered by licensed practical nurses or certified nursing assistants who maybe unaware or resident’s recent medication change or history of heart arrhythmias. If the measurements are not taken accurately at correct time intervals, the errors will arise. (Parry % Tan, 2010). Modification of medications should be communicated among nursing staff to enable them to take appropriate interventions. This recommendation can make big difference for my patients. Environment assessment and interventions should be a part of fall risk management protocol but it should be incorporated with multifactorial interventions since no date supports that environment change alone will decrease risk of falls. Addressing staffing issues also can be very important. The consistent assignment of staff to same resident s can be very effective to reducing falls. It allows staff to anticipate the residents’ unsafe and high-risk behaviors and have a better ability to intervene before a fall occurs. *(Quigley, Neily, Watson, Wright Strobel, 2012). Caregivers would be more effective if they are not moved to different units. Finally, all staff making frequent rounds and checking on patients regardless of call light use can further support an environment of heightened safety awareness. In the LTC facility where I work we do in-service not only nursing but every disciplinary staff members about awareness of fall strategies. We came with 4P strategies which stand for: Pain, Positioning, Personal items, and Potty/toileting. Every disciplinary member is assigned scheduled hourly rounds check if all four problems are addressed. While guideline never discussed using personal alarms on residents as an intervention to reduce falls it is still used as first intervention after fall happens. Meanwhile staff response to an alarm sound hardly ever results in prevention of falls. (Rader, Frank Brady, 2013). While we still continue to use â€Å"personal alarms†in LTCs these alarms in dementia residents can result more agitated behaviors, physical aggression, and attempt to escape the stimulation. To replace these auditory clutter with silent alarms, visual monitoring system, motion detectors and staff presence will make difference. (Guildermann, 2013). Our facility also use overhead paging system 24 hours of day which can cause overstimulation of residents. LTC facilities should be more home-like unlike the hospitals and healthcare staff should change our culture how we communicate. We started giving personal phones to the staff while in the facility to cut use of overhead paging. Summary and Final Recommendation AGS/BGS guidelines do not make recommendations for hip protectors, however, the Veterans Administration Safety Center adopted their use as best practice. Hip protectors use will benefit residents with a history of unresolved fall risk, diagnosis of osteoporosis and level of compliance with regard to these devices. Recent literature found that compliance as a challenge, and â€Å"compliance issues must be tackled if hip protectors are to be part of a resident-centered approach. (Combes Price, 2014). Most people discontinue its use due to discomfort and dislike of how these devices made them look but new designs to high impact pads may resolve this issue. Newly designed hip protectors are made from polyurethane foam, which absorb about 90 percent of the impact of a fall. They are thinner and new clothing is designed to place these pads in such a way that would make it more practical and attractive, making daily tasks easier.Two meta-analyses showed that hip protectors’ effecti veness in community or institutional settings. (Quigley et al., 2010). While guideline didn’t discuss pain assessment, one study (Eggermont, Penninx, Jones Leveille, 2012) published in the Journal of American Geriatrics Society found that depressive symptoms are associated with fall risk and are mediated in part by chronic pain. When Interdisciplinary team (IDT) meets to discuss risk management of actual fall residents who tried to attempt to transfer unattended or fell after sliding from well-chair, first thing team looks at is a urinary tract infection, thinking that resident may want to use toilet or blame resident behavioral problems most of the times they miss recognizing pain, discomfort and desire to move. Residents should be regularly evaluated for pain and non-pharmacologic interventions should be used first. If that does not alleviate the pain, mild analgesics should be administered. In my opinion exact combinations of interventions for specific population should be built on the assumption that all residents are risk for falls in order to provide a better protection. And prevention will be most effective when based on understanding of fall risk factors at individual, staff and organization levels.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Essay -- Edwards Sinners
Edwards' "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" The passages given from the Edwards' 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God'; and the opening sentence of the Declaration both include many points such as the tone, diction, and syntax. The points shown throughout each sentence aims for the intent of obtaining the attention of the audience. The way each sentence is arranged with its own syntax can very well appeal to listeners, depending on its structure and imagery. Within the given sentence excerpt from Edwards' 'Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God'; you may perceive that the speaker is undoubtedly reaching for the audiences attention without sustaining his harsh yet fearful manner. Throughout this controlled harsh tone of voice, he captivates the audience through a deep sense of threat or harm. Within this deep threatening and captivating speech, the speaker uses God as the higher power in order to obtain the audiences attention, to grasp each person's emotions and fill them with fear. The speaker uses fear to complete the assurance of the people to do his intentions. Although the Edwards excerpt sentence involved fear, emotional deception and mental deception to obtain the audiences full attention, the opening sentence of Jefferson's Declaration gives the audience a much different approach to procure the audiences focus. Jefferson's opening sentence has a mild tone of diction, for the beginning of an informative speech. The eloquent words highly imposed among the s...
Monday, November 11, 2019
Discuss the Types of Unemployment and the Benefits of Controlling It In the UK Essay
Unemployment is the number of people out of work who are actively seeking employment at the current wage rates. To be actively seeking work you must be of working age: 16-64 for males and 16-59 for females and not economically inactive. That means you cannot be in full time education, be on a training scheme, have retired early or be raising children at home. To measure unemployment in the UK the government uses two methods to quantify the rate. The first is the Labour Force Survey, in a monthly survey of a sample of households representing the entire population. The surveys are based on the activities of each person of working age in the households, within a one week period. A person who did any work during that week for pay or profit, worked 15 hours or more as an unpaid worker in a family business, or had a job from which he or she was temporarily absent, is counted as employed. A person who was not working but was looking for work or was on a temporary lay-off and available to take a job is counted as unemployed. The second is the claimant count, where the governments collect figures on the number of people claiming unemployment benefits from the DSS. This second method often gives lower values as they is likely to be many people who do not except the benefits, purely on principal or because they do not need the extra cash. There are five main types of unemployment which all affect the economy in different ways. These are cyclical or demand deficient unemployment, frictional unemployment, seasonal unemployment and structural unemployment. The first of these, cyclical or demand deficient unemployment is based around what will happen to demand in a recession. When the economy goes into a recession there is a rise in unemployment as there is insufficient demand within the economy. This is really only a short term cause to unemployment, because when in recession the economy is in disequilibrium. However macroeconomic forces will work to restore the economy to its long run equilibrium, however in the short run there will be unemployment. In a recession the demand curve will shift left to D2. With the wage rate remaining constant at W in the short term there will be unemployment of GE created. In response macroeconomic forces will cause one of two changes. Either the economy will move out of recession, causing the demand curve to shift right and back to the equilibrium point of W , E. Else if the economy stays in recession the forces will cause the wage rate to drop to Y and cause the number of workers employed to rise to F. However as the economy moves out of recession the demand curve will shift right, causing the economy to move back towards its equilibrium at W , E. The second types of unemployment, frictional unemployment is the term used to define workers who have recently lost a job and are in short term unemployment until they find further employment. There is always turnover of labour in a free market, so frictional unemployment is not regarded as a major problem. Seasonal unemployment is when workers work within an industry that only requires them to be employed at certain times of the year. For example in the tourist industry workers tend to work in the summer, but are then laid off in autumn months before taking up their jobs again the next spring. There is very little that can be done to prevent seasonal unemployment in a market where the demand for labour varies throughout the year. Structural unemployment is when the demand for labour is less than the supply in an individual labour market. There are three main examples of this. Regional unemployment, where different areas of the country have different rates of unemployment and because of a lack of factor mobility, labour is not able to freely move between regions and balance unemployment. Sectoral unemployment is when workers from one industry are unable to adapt to a different industry, therefore not being able to follow the changes in demand. Finally if technological unemployment, where technology advances and replaces manual labour, therefore without retraining workers would not have the skills to operate these machines and therefore would not be suitable for the demand of labour. Controlling the rate of unemployment in the UK is going to be a key element in the performance of the UK economy. The rate of unemployment is directly related to real GDP. So in both the short run and the long run if the economy is to grow then unemployment most be controlled. The rate of unemployment will also determine the kind of policy the government will have in place to boost the economy, although this is also based on the type of government in power. The current labour government are Keynesian economists and believe that in the long run there may be mass unemployment. They also use fiscal policy, which is a demand side policy. So their economic goals will depend a lot on the long term unemployment levels that are predicted. If the government are predicting a period of sustained unemployment they are likely to be aiming at lowering inflation. Whereas if they predict full employment they can aim for increased GDP. Because of the shape of the long run aggregate supply curve, both these goals can be achieved without altering any other elements of the economy. To lower inflation the demand function would need to be shifted left. This could be achieved by an increase in the National Insurance contributions of workers. This would cause more of people’s income being taken in taxation leaving them with less money to spend on goods and services, which would cause a decrease in the total demand in the economy. To help increase economic growth the total demand in the economy would need to be increased. This would need a shift left in the demand function, which could be caused by a fall in interest rates. This would cause more people to borrow money and less to save, leaving more money in the economy which will increase the demand for goods and services. If unemployment can be kept low then the costs of unemployment are minimised as well. Not only do the government have to spend less on unemployment benefits but also have less trouble with crime and vandalism, which will also save them valuable money. Also everyone will have more money to spend, not only the previous unemployed, but also previous taxpayers as the government will require less money from them. This will increase total money in the economy and cause the aggregate demand to shift right, which will cause the growth of the economy to increase. So sustainable unemployment is good for the economy as it enables the government to set goals and work towards them around the long term predictions for unemployment rates. This is only an option if unemployment is kept in a boundary. Else if it is too fluctuated then it is hard to judge what the government will need to do from one day to the next. However controlling unemployment may not always be a good thing. For example because unemployment is directly related to economic growth, if you are controlling unemployment then you are also controlling economic growth. This will not be a good thing as the economy is at its most efficient when economic growth is climbing at a rate constant to the economy, not controlled by the government.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Idioms and Expressions - Draw
Idioms and Expressions - Draw Here are idioms with the verb draw in English. For each idiom, study the definition and read the example sentences. Next, take the quiz to check your knowledge of what youve learned. To learn more idioms, you can also use short stories providing idioms in context. Draw a Blank Use draw a blank to express that you do not know the answer to a question: Im afraid Im drawing a blank. I just dont know what to do.Who is that person over there? Im drawing a blank. Draw a Line Between Use draw a line between with two objects to show that you separate one activity from another: You should draw a line between your private life and work.Some people have a hard time drawing a line between friends and family. Draw Blood Use draw blood to express that something or someone has caused someone to bleed. This idiom is also used figuratively to express that someone hurt another emotionally: He drew blood during his last five boxing matches.She drew blood when she began to put down his friend. Draw Interest Use draw interest to indicate that something has created interest or become popular: Any time a new movie comes out, youll see articles in magazines trying to draw interest to the movie.His crazy comments drew interest during the presidential campaign. Draw Someone Out Use draw someone out when you are asking questions in order to get someone to speak in detail about something: Make sure to ask her lots of questions. Its hard to draw her out and shell try to keep everything secret.If you keep asking questions, you can draw anyone out on almost any subject. Draw Something Out Use draw something out to refer to a process that takes place over a long period of time: The chairman drew the meeting out for over two hours.Its a good idea to not draw out your presentation for too long. Draw Fire Away From Something Use draw fire away from something when someone creates a distraction so that people dont pay attention to something else: Id like you to go out and draw fire away from the institution.Politicians dont answer direct questions in order to draw fire away from something that has gone wrong. Draw Something to a Close Use draw something to a close to express that you would like to finish something in progress: Lets draw this meeting to a close by reviewing the decisions weve made.If you dont mind, Id like to draw dinner to a close. Ive got an early flight tomorrow. Draw Something Up Use draw something up after having reached a verbal agreement when you intend a write a contract, proposal, or report based on the agreement: Now that weve agreed. Lets draw a contract up and get to work.Could you draw up a proposal for next weeks meeting? Draw the Line at Something Use draw the line at something to show that you will tolerate something up to a certain point: Im afraid I draw the line at speaking poorly of my friends.If you were in a difficult position, would you draw the line at breaking the law to resolve your situation? Draw to a Close Use draw to a close to indicate that something has come to an end: Thank you, Mary. And with that, our presentation draws to a close. Thank you for coming this evening.Id like to draw the class to a close. Remember to do your homework for Monday. Beat Someone to the Draw Use beat someone to the draw when you are quicker than someone else in obtaining something: He beat me to the draw and won the auction.Jennifer beat us to the draw and arrived an hour earlier. Quick on the Draw Use quick on the draw to show that someone is quick to do or understand something: She was quick to the draw on buying that handbag.ï » ¿Im afraid youll have to be quicker on the draw on such a good deal. Quiz Use one of the idioms with draw to complete the blanks. Be careful to use the correct form of the verb draw: The new actor from South Africa is _________. I think shell be a huge success.Id like you to _________ a contract by the end of next week.She told me she ______________ her work and her family, so she wouldnt work more than 20 hours overtime.The politician _________ at the death penalty. If you can _________ from my scandal, Ill make sure you get all of my business for the next two years.I dont know answer. Im _________.You _________ me __________, so go ahead and take the last one on sale.Id like to _________ the meeting _________. Thank you all for coming. Ask her as many questions as you can, so you can _________. Shes a fox!I promise I didnt _________ when I hit him!I tried to ________ her ________ on the details for the deal, but she wouldnt tell me anything.Shes very ____________ and understands almost everything immediately. Answers drawing interestdraw up drew the line betweendrew the line at / draws the line atdraw fire away drawing a blankbeat me to the drawdraw the meeting to a closedraw her outdraw blooddraw her outquick on the draw
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
How To Make Homemade Silly String
How To Make Homemade Silly String Silly string or ribbon spray is a polymer foam that shoots out of a can as colored string. The stuff you buy in a can is an acrylate polymer with a surfactant, although most of the can is filled with a propellant to jet the foam out of the container. Since pressurizing a can isnt something most of us can do, homemade silly string uses a simple, forceful chemical reaction to push strings of foam out of a bottle. The reaction is based on the elephant toothpaste chemistry demonstration. Silly String Materials You can get yeast and food coloring at any grocery store. Probably the best place to get the peroxide and the bottle is a beauty supply store. You need at least 30 volume peroxide, which is ten times more concentrated than typical household peroxide solution. jar of active dry yeast30-40 volume hydrogen peroxideplastic bottle with a screw on pointed tipfood coloring Make Silly String Fill the bottle with pointed tip most of the way full with the peroxide solution.Add food coloring, unless you want white string.When you are ready to make the silly string, add a spoonful of yeast to the bottle and quickly cap it. When the yeast and peroxide react, the resulting foam builds up pressure quickly, so if you dont cap the bottle right away, it will be hard to do it later.Shake the bottle to activate the foam. Point the bottle away from people, pets, furniture, etc. The peroxide is a strong bleaching agent, so its best to do this project outdoors. Safety Information Hydrogen peroxide is extremely reactive and can burn your eyes and skin, as well as bleach your clothes and hair. Wear safety goggles and gloves when preparing and using homemade silly string. Dont play with the foam or drink it and be sure to wash down the area after your project with lots of water. Glowing Silly String If you substitute fluorescent dye for food coloring, you can make the silly string that will glow brightly under a black light. Alternatively, you can use glow powder, which will glow on its own, although not as brightly because the pigment worked best when it is exposed to bright light beforehand. Fun Fact: Military personnel spray silly string to detect trip wires that could trigger explosives or traps. How Real Silly String Works If you have a way to pressurize a can, you can make your own real silly string. Over the years, the composition of the product has changed to improve its performance and eliminate the CFC originally used to propel the polymer. The original polymer for silly string was polyisobutyl methacrylate, extruded by forcing it through a nozzle with dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12). Since the original patent, manufacturers have replaced Freon-12, an ozone-depleted compound, with a more environmentally-friendly chemical. The surfactant sorbitan trioleate kept the string from being too sticky. So, to make your own real silly string, you need an acrylate that will polymerize in air, a propellant, and a surfactant. Go for it!
Monday, November 4, 2019
Drawing on current research in either social science or neuro-science, Essay
Drawing on current research in either social science or neuro-science, discuss the importance of social interaction to learning - Essay Example This paper will explore the importance of social interaction to learning. Social interaction can be defined as a circumstance where the behavior of one person is consciously rearranged and influenced by the behavior of the other person; also the behavior of one person can influence and consciously rearrange the behavior of the other person. The term behavior encompasses the unconcealed movements of the person in space, the person’s mental deliberation and the person’s physiological processes. A broader definition of social interaction is the circumstance where the unconcealed movements in space, mental deliberations, and physiological processes of a person consciously rearrange and influence the behavior of the other person (Turner 1988, p14). Belonging to the society is a vital quality in adults. It is important for the child to know how to interact well with others socially and make long lasting relationships. It is also important to belong to long lasting relationships. Social interaction can be found within the parks, local store, a friend’s house, and the nursery. Social interaction assists the child to know what is right and wrong, build relationships and teach them how to go about in group situations. Social interaction gives room to the learner to reflect, reconsider, find support and help and take part in problem solving. In other words, the learner has to interact with others in order to take part in those activities. In technology-based learning, social interaction brings in three benefits; improvement in the learning strategies, reduced assistance from the instructor and better perseverance. This is the most recent form of social interaction. This type of interaction has been made easy by the advancement in technology. At each stage of life, people respond to the social expectations. These social expectations push them to interact with
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Eng Blog rev..JB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Eng Blog rev..JB - Essay Example Being a firm believer in the power of play he believes that everything should not just be educational and erudite in nature. The blog reveals that the boys have been having fun with ginormous cardboard box made of a space ship, race car, and sailboat, animal shelter among other rough and rugged toys. The blog also reveals an observation by the blogger that ‘girl’ toys, on the other hand, are rupturing with unicorns, spectra, sparkles, charms, toothy smiles, tulle and fluff. The ‘girl’ toys in the blog are reflected as having that nauseating pink too. Greatest things in life are cultured at a tender age. Play forms a greater premise for learning these behaviors that influence how an individual will take to challenges in life. The blog reflects a scenario where girls are relegated to the kitchen and boys nurtured through dirt and noise. â€Å"The toys geared towards boys are so jacked up with testosterone, and I find myself putting out my chest in a semblance of manliness,†says the blogger in description of boy toys. He again defends the clear gender delineation by say that kitchen stuff is all pink and shiny. From the commentary, it is manifest that the community has defied the real change intended through gender equality campaigns by failing to consider the real seeds of gender inequality. Much should, for this reason, be done to incorporate our actual take of the girl and boy child through play if we have to achieve real gender
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